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Talking about youths in Tanzania is quite a difficulty and flexible task; this is because there is no common definition on the concept among the people. The virus passes between people through fresh blood and body fluids.

This is because youth in this age group are in their reproductive years Lugoe, This is to say that, at this age youth are in transition period between childhood Prostitutes Mkuranga adulthood. People of the years age group are the working force and Prostitutes Mkuranga economic supportive network of families and communities.

This disease erodes the prospects for social, political, demographic and economic development in and among the affected populations. Currently, the disease affects not only Prostitutes Mkuranga, but is also a leading cause of death in sub- Saharan Africa and the world at large.

In countries with Prostitutes Mkuranga highest rates of infection, especially in low and middle income countries like Africa, HIV and AIDS does not only pose a major health crisis Prostitutes Mkuranga also is leaving little hope for survival in terms of livelihood and resources MoEC, b.

HIV and AIDS is a severe threat to survival and development of the nation given that since the first cases reported in Tanzania inover 2. The spread of this deadly disease is at alarming situation, because it is reported that in every pregnant women 20 of them are claimed to be HIV positive and among newly born children 45 of them are born infected with the disease TACAIDS, The HIV and AIDS pandemic is believed to progress more Prostitutes Mkuranga in industrialized countries than less developed countries, largely because residents in Prostitutes Mkuranga countries have greater access to antiretroviral ARV drug, high quality of health care and the discussion of.

However the disease continues to ravage families and communities in the world. In95 percent of the infected are found in developing countries whilst 77 percent live in Sub-Saharan Africa SSA. The epidemic has an impact on every aspect of life in Southern Africa, because all sectors such as education, agriculture, health and other economic sector have been affected with the epidemic.

Vandemoortele and Delamonica point out the reasons which make the virus to be Prostitutes Mkuranga prevalent in developing countries; these are silence, shame, stigma and superstition, all reasons which thrive on ignorance and illiteracy. HIV-positive teacher and children are exiled from their family and community. Bond et al. On the side schools children whose parents died from HIV and AIDS are reluctant to go Prostitutes Mkuranga schools because their fellow students tend to gossip, taunts, exile and reject them by Prostitutes Mkuranga that your parents died because they were prostitutes.

Ironically stigma and discrimination favoured the spread of the pandemic. Shame is also a barrier in curbing the pandemic because parents, family and community hesitate to discuss and even to mention sex organs in public because they consider and regard it as taboos. For example, in my study area, the Prostitutes Mkuranga relate the disease with mashetani or call it Prostitutes Mkuranga meaning ghosts. This resulted to the spread of the disease because when the situation Prostitutes Mkuranga to most people first seek assistance from traditional healers instead of hospitals.

While other people thought that the disease was caused by imported clothes and failure of America to control its biological warfare experiments. Lamptey et al. Since the HIV vaccine candidates have undergo clinical trials Prostitutes Mkuranga researchers continue to develop strategies for improving defences against the virus. Despite this effort HIV continues to spread, education remains the backbone of the programs to curb the epidemic for the foreseeable features.

The study by Lamptey et al. Therefore, the effort to reduce the spread and the impact of HIV and Prostitutes Mkuranga should be focused on educating people and increasing awareness about disease.

Internationally, there is a general consensus that in order to save youth, a comprehensive strategy and effort include making interventions in education UNAIDS, All secondary schools have to adopt the teaching of HIV and AIDS Education in their Prostitutes Mkuranga sessions when studying specific topics on biology and civics subjects.

However, the. These challenges need to be evaluated in order to find out whether HIV and Prostitutes Mkuranga in the secondary school curriculum meet its objectives or not.

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There is also a need to find out how the stakeholders perceive the Prostitutes Mkuranga and AIDS curriculum, as their outlook plays a significant role in if and how the education initiative is implemented Torres, To identify HIV and AIDS education carrier subjects, allocated teaching hours, teaching methods and teaching aids, being used by Prostitutes Mkuranga.

In the case of sub-Saharan African countries, the epidemic is by far the deadliest. The major aim of this goal is to halt the spread of the epidemic by However, Prostitutes Mkuranga order to reach the targeted objectives, a Prostitutes Mkuranga health intervention in school curriculum is required, as is greater access to HIV prevention services, AIDS treatment, Prostitutes Mkuranga and support. The World Prostitutes Mkuranga contends that in the struggle of HIV and AIDS prevention, education helps to equip children and youth to make health decisions concerning their own life, brings about long-term healthy behaviours and gives people the opportunity for economic independence Prostitutes Mkuranga hope WorldBank, The Tanzania Development Vision envisages the elimination of poverty by and accords high priority to education delivered under the Ministry of Education and Culture MoEC, c.

Thus, a study aiming at identifying the challenges being faced in delivering the envisioned HIV and AIDS education is of particular importance. This will inform planers and policy makers of the Ministry of Education and Culture in particular on how to implement HIV and AIDS education in schools while meeting challenges identified.

Specifically, this study may be useful to a number of different stakeholders:. During pre-colonial days Tanzania did not have formal schools rather it had informal education. Children learned by doing in short periods of time and the education meant for orienting children to their tribes. Informal education covers skills, values, attitudes and behaviour of the society from their home and Prostitutes Mkuranga the farms Nyerere, Under Prostitutes Mkuranga education, men and women had more or equal chances of being educated.

However, they were trained in different fields: girls focused much on domestic and mother roles, while boys learned the social, economic and political functioning of the society.

In this regard, the content of the curriculum was determined by the needs of the society.

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These are elderly people in the society and are the source of sex education to Prostitutes Mkuranga. The youth are supposed to respect the traditional tutors because they teach the values, norms Prostitutes Mkuranga beliefs of the society. Learning is taking place through using songs, stories and riddles in house and in special ceremonies including during wedding and ritual days. During the colonial period, the provision of Prostitutes Mkuranga was based on formal type of education where classes and curriculum were set.

The main purpose of colonial education was to inculcate the values of colonial society and train individuals for serving the colonial rulers in their administrative work such as local clerks and junior officials Nyerere, Colonial education based on a stratified racial system, because schools were divided into Prostitutes Mkuranga for the white and Africans with separate curriculum.

Most of the schools were under missionary authorities who Prostitutes Mkuranga sex education, an important education toward HIV and AIDS preventive measures. After independence, Tanzania opted Prostitutes Mkuranga a socialist model, which promotes education for self- reliance Nyerere, The self- reliance education system put emphasis on practical aspects with the principal goal of reducing illiteracy rate and poverty.

Talking about youths in Tanzania is quite Prostitutes Mkuranga difficulty and flexible task; this is because there is no common definition on the concept among the people. While other people view youth is the one who have reached puberty and aged range between years according to the United Nations Prostitutes Mkuranga, Youth is a period of life that somehow Prostitutes Mkuranga from childhood and adulthood.

In this study the term youths were used to refer to those whose age range between years. In the same cases I will use the term adolescent to replace youth. In the Tanzania context the adolescent or youth is known as kijana in Swahili, although the use of this term has broader context and different meaning in different place within the country, in my study I refer to the students who are no longer children but also not of adults.

Youths are more vulnerable Prostitutes Mkuranga HIV and AIDS than adults because they tend to experiment sex, with risk behaviour and with little awareness of the dangers.

In fact, risky behaviour often is a part of a larger pattern of adolescent behaviour. Muhondwa, The combination of Prostitutes Mkuranga, social cultural and environmental factors, make the youths to be more vulnerable to HIV infections.

The risk of HIV infection to youths, are increasing Prostitutes Mkuranga a very high rate because the society had Prostitutes Mkuranga long time acted with far less openness to the challenges posed by AIDS. The obstacles include sexual taboos, religious inhibitions, as well as customs and attitude.

Despite the Millennium Development Goal MDG focused on combating diseases such malaria and communicable disease recognition the importance for education and communication on the presentation of HIV and AIDS, the youths still have limited opportunity to learn about viruses and diseases.

In African context talking about sex related matter is based on special people who are in most cases elders in a society. It also includes aunts for the girls and uncle for the boys.

Sometimes parents come to schools to question the teacher, as to why the teacher teaches dirty things in class to students. Currently, the structure of formal education in Tanzania consists of 2 years for pre-primary education, 7 Prostitutes Mkuranga for primary education, 4 years of ordinary secondary education, 2 for advanced secondary, 2 Prostitutes Mkuranga 3 and 4 or 5 for tertiary and university level.

In primary schools, the language of instruction is Kiswahili and in secondary schools and higher learning institution the medium of instruction is English.

The growing demand for English as the medium of instruction in secondary schools and higher learning institutions, indicate that English is dominant language in the globalization process Phillipson, A more detailed presentation of the Tanzanian secondary Prostitutes Mkuranga education follows:.

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Secondary education is sub-divided in to ordinary level form 1 to 4 and advanced level form 5 to 6. There are private secondary schools operating Prostitutes Mkuranga with government secondary schools. Private schools come up after Prostitutes Mkuranga government decided to adopt liberalization and privatization policy as attempts to supplement efforts in providing education.

In secondary schools there are mixed sex schools Prostitutes Mkuranga admit both boys and girls and single sex that admit only boys or girls. The schools are boarding and day in nature. In boarding schools, students stay at the schools from the beginning to the end Prostitutes Mkuranga the school term. Boarding schools provide accommodation, food, security care and guidance to student while at school.

Prostitutes Mkuranga the day schools, students leave their home in the morning during schools time, and return home at the Prostitutes Mkuranga of the day. In this regard, day schooling children have opportunities to get Prostitutes Mkuranga and AIDS education both at school and at home due to their strong interaction with the society, but boarding schooling children rely mostly on their teachers to get HIV and AIDS education.

The Basic Education Statistics in Tanzania BEST report that in Prostitutes Mkuranga, the total number of secondary schools both private and government schools in Tanzania is estimated atwhile the teacher pupil ratio is for private schools and in government schools.

Prostitutes Mkurangathe number of secondary schools has Prostitutes Mkuranga up towhile the teacher pupil ratio for government secondary schools is and for private schools MoEVT, The secondary school teachers in Tanzania fall under two categories: diploma and graduate teachers. The diploma teachers are advanced level secondary school leavers who undergo two years in Teacher Training Collages TTCsgraduate teachers are those who undergo either three or four years of bachelor degree courses after completing advanced level of secondary education URT, In order to achieve the objectives of NACP, Information Education and Communication IEC unit was established specifically for providing Prostitutes Mkuranga to the general public by raising awareness among the people.

IEC effort was handicapped by lack of baseline information Prostitutes Mkuranga epidemiological situation of sexually behaviour patterns and practice or characteristics of high risk groups Killewo, It is added that there were deficiency of information among the vulnerable groups such as rural peoples, women and adolescents remaining relative ignorant about diseases. The majority in the rural areas are Prostitutes Mkuranga aware of the use of condom and if the condom is available to them, they do not know how to use properly TACAIDS, The overall goal of the policy was to mobilize and sensitize the community to be actively involved and responsible in the struggle against HIV and AIDS activities so as to reduce further transmission.

The other thing which was insisted by the policy was to provide education to all groups of people including school children.

Prostitutes Musoma, Where buy a girls in Mara. Buy Hookers in Musoma, Mara. Women and girls are forced out of their clans and families to the mining areas and. According to WHO and UNESCO () successful teaching and learning of any programme depend on the cultural acceptance of the society and how it is.

Making sure that the youths are protected President of the United Republic of Tanzania insisted that:. They must adequately be informed, counselled and empowered Prostitutes Mkuranga their early of their lives on how to avoid Prostitutes Mkuranga infections URT,p. It is through relevant and adequate information the youths can Prostitutes Mkuranga assisted in knowing what to do by breaking the silence.

This was also emphasized by the President with in a national policy starting that:. The social, cultural, economic and environment factors that are fuels in spreading the HIV infections and hinder the implementation of HIV and AIDS education, to break the silence people must be open on discussing it.

However, the policy planned good things in relation to schools youths as well outside schools, but there are challenges in the multi-sectoral approach concept which include a wider participation of both public and Prostitutes Mkuranga private sector such as NGOs FBOs, CBOs. It is also difficult Prostitutes Mkuranga assess the strength and weakness for informed policy and practices or actions of the interventions. This was a response to the circular which was provided by the Prostitutes Mkuranga of education MoEC, allowing the introduction of life skills, HIV and AIDS education in schools and colleges.

This includes prevention, care Prostitutes Mkuranga support, impact and mitigation taking into account gender and vulnerability issues. Figure 1. The two approaches were used to enhance the provision of the right information and impart knowledge to youths in schools. In this regard, there is a good track in the whole process of curbing the pandemic, but objective. Education remains an imperative in changing adolescent risk behaviour by encouraging safe sexual health sustainable behaviour.

The epidemic is associated with a decline of the quality of education because it affects teachers, students and education officers.

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In additional to that schools children, youths, and adults are particular vulnerable to HIV infection. The Ministry of Education collaborate with other public and private institutions of higher learning and other sectors particularly the health sector in order to enhance and develop Prostitutes Mkuranga plan that accelerate and improve the deliver of HIV and AIDS information in schools.

This includes the provision of counselling and guidance in primary and secondary schools. Lugoe comments that the importance of the life skills is to sustain positive behaviour and those are skills of decision making, critical thinking, effective communication, and interpersonal relationship, self awareness and coping with emotion and coping with stress skills.

The objectives are:. Specifically based on the new syllabus proposed the teaching of HIV and AIDS education in secondary schools from form one up form four can be summarized in the table attached Prostitutes Mkuranga.

ESDP is a sector—wide programme aimed at assessing the various policies Prostitutes Mkuranga to sub sectors in the education sector within the Education and Training policy. The contents are basic education which includes pre- primary, primary, adult, secondary and teacher education higher education and vocational education both Prostitutes Mkuranga and non formal. Also other priorities are on resource allocation, guidelines provided under macro reform policies and programmes such as The Tanzania Development Vision MoEC, The main focus to the education sector is on bringing about desired social economic transformation required to realize the visions target.

The vision Prostitutes Mkuranga Tanzania to be a country with well educated and learning society by the year For youths who Prostitutes Mkuranga sexually active, effective measure have to be Prostitutes Mkuranga to control the new spread of HIV and AIDS through education the system, aimed at protecting children as well as vulnerable groups and poverty reduction. It is also added Prostitutes Mkuranga the epidemic undermine the foundation for the development and attainment of the Millennium Development Goals and national targets.

Therefore Prostitutes Mkuranga is important to build deeper understanding of the pandemic through Prostitutes Mkuranga campaigns so as to contain further and minimize its impact at schools and training college. The document in the Development vision is quoted in MoECstated that:.

Education should be treated as strategic agent for mind set transformation and for creation of a well educated nation, sufficiently equipped with the knowledge needed to competently and competitively solve the development challenges which face the nation MoEC,p.

Indeed, prevention campaign has succeeded in Prostitutes Mkuranga people awareness, but this has not translated in to required behavioural changes. Therefore in light with the above statementthe education system should be restructured and transformed qualitatively with focus on promoting creativity and problem solving Prostitutes Mkuranga, ; URT, Prostitutes Mkuranga,p.

Thus teachers are sometimes supposed to take extra workloads when their fellow sick teachers are absent. On students side those who are sick lag behind with their studies.

Moreover, when the family members get sick teachers and learners carry the burden. This means that the teaching force is being eroded at a faster rate than before. You may see ads that are less relevant to you. Sligp beauty Sophie shares snap of wedding day Prostitutes Mkuranga pop star Jonas Game of Thrones Sligo Learn more about how we use cookies.

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I believe Prostitutes was a suspect in this investigation at all times. Join now to receive our monthly newsletter Prostiutes exclusive competitions and restaurant offers, plus reviews, the latest food and drink news, recipes Prostitutes Mkuranga lots more. A year-old man was among the suspected Prostitutes Mkuranga questioned by gardai when they raided Prostitutes Mkuranga brothel. Our partners will collect data and use cookies for ad personalisation and measurement. He jailed her for three years.